Arithmetic operators in C++ are used to perform basic mathematical operations on numerical data types. These operators allow you to add, subtract, multiply, divide, and calculate the modulus (remainder) of numbers. Here’s a detailed explanation of each arithmetic operator in C++ along with examples:

1. Addition Operator (+)

The addition operator is used to add two operands together.

• Syntax:

  result = operand1 + operand2;
  

• Example:

  #include <iostream>
  
  int main() {
      int a = 5, b = 10;
      int sum = a + b; // sum = 15
      std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << std::endl;
      return 0;
  }
  

2. Subtraction Operator (-)

The subtraction operator is used to subtract one operand from another.

• Syntax:

  result = operand1 - operand2;
  

• Example:

  #include <iostream>
  
  int main() {
      int a = 10, b = 4;
      int difference = a - b; // difference = 6
      std::cout << "Difference: " << difference << std::endl;
      return 0;
  }
  

3. Multiplication Operator (*)

The multiplication operator is used to multiply two operands.

• Syntax:

  result = operand1 * operand2;
  

• Example:

  #include <iostream>
  
  int main() {
      int a = 7, b = 3;
      int product = a * b; // product = 21
      std::cout << "Product: " << product << std::endl;
      return 0;
  }
  

4. Division Operator (/)

The division operator is used to divide one operand by another. When both operands are integers, the result is also an integer, and any remainder is discarded.

• Syntax:

  result = operand1 / operand2;
  

• Example:

  #include <iostream>
  
  int main() {
      int a = 20, b = 4;
      int quotient = a / b; // quotient = 5
      std::cout << "Quotient: " << quotient << std::endl;
      return 0;
  }
  

• Note: If you divide by zero, it will lead to a runtime error.

5. Modulus Operator (%)

The modulus operator is used to find the remainder of the division of one operand by another. It is only applicable for integer data types.

• Syntax:

  result = operand1 % operand2;
  

• Example:

  #include <iostream>
  
  int main() {
      int a = 10, b = 3;
      int remainder = a % b; // remainder = 1
      std::cout << "Remainder: " << remainder << std::endl;
      return 0;
  }
  

6. Operator Precedence and Associativity

• Precedence: Determines the order in which operators are evaluated in an expression. Arithmetic operators have different precedence levels.
• Associativity: Determines the order of evaluation when two operators of the same precedence level appear in an expression (left-to-right or right-to-left).

7. Example of Combined Arithmetic Operations

You can combine multiple arithmetic operations in a single expression. C++ will follow the operator precedence rules.

• Example:

  #include <iostream>
  
  int main() {
      int a = 5, b = 10, c = 3;
      int result = a + b * c; // result = 5 + (10 * 3) = 35
      std::cout << "Result: " << result << std::endl; // Outputs 35
      return 0;
  }
  

8. Floating-Point Arithmetic

When using floating-point numbers, division can yield decimal results:

• Example:

  #include <iostream>
  
  int main() {
      double a = 5.0, b = 2.0;
      double quotient = a / b; // quotient = 2.5
      std::cout << "Quotient: " << quotient << std::endl;
      return 0;
  }