Arithmetic operators in JavaScript are used to perform mathematical operations on numeric values. Here’s a closer look at each of them:

1. Addition (+)

• Purpose: Adds two numbers or concatenates strings.
• Example:

  let a = 5;
  let b = 3;
  let sum = a + b; // sum is 8
  

  let str1 = 'Hello';
  let str2 = 'World';
  let greeting = str1 + ' ' + str2; // greeting is 'Hello World'
  

2. Subtraction (-)

• Purpose: Subtracts one number from another.
• Example:

  let a = 10;
  let b = 4;
  let difference = a - b; // difference is 6
  

3. Multiplication (*)

• Purpose: Multiplies two numbers.
• Example:

  let a = 7;
  let b = 6;
  let product = a * b; // product is 42
  

4. Division (/)

• Purpose: Divides one number by another.
• Example:

  let a = 20;
  let b = 4;
  let quotient = a / b; // quotient is 5
  

5. Modulus (%)

• Purpose: Returns the remainder of a division operation.
• Example:

  let a = 10;
  let b = 3;
  let remainder = a % b; // remainder is 1
  

6. Exponentiation (**)

• Purpose: Raises a number to the power of another number.
• Example:

  let base = 2;
  let exponent = 3;
  let result = base ** exponent; // result is 8 (2^3)
  

Key Points:

• Type Coercion: The + operator can also perform string concatenation if one of the operands is a string. For example, '5' + 1 results in '51' because JavaScript coerces the number 1 into a string.
• Division by Zero: Dividing by zero does not throw an error in JavaScript; instead, it results in Infinity or -Infinity, depending on the sign of the numerator. For example, 10 / 0 results in Infinity.
• NaN: The result of an arithmetic operation that doesn’t yield a valid number, such as 0 / 0 or Math.sqrt(-1), is NaN (Not-a-Number).