Array Functions

PHP provides a wide range of built-in functions to manipulate arrays. Here are some commonly used functions:

1. array_push(): Adds one or more elements to the end of an array.

   <?php
   $fruits = array("Apple", "Banana");
   array_push($fruits, "Cherry", "Date");
   print_r($fruits);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => Apple [1] => Banana [2] => Cherry [3] => Date )
   ?>
   

2. array_pop(): Removes the last element from an array.

   <?php
   $fruits = array("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry");
   $last = array_pop($fruits);
   echo $last;  // Outputs: Cherry
   print_r($fruits);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => Apple [1] => Banana )
   ?>
   

3. array_shift(): Removes the first element from an array.

   <?php
   $fruits = array("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry");
   $first = array_shift($fruits);
   echo $first;  // Outputs: Apple
   print_r($fruits);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => Banana [1] => Cherry )
   ?>
   

4. array_unshift(): Adds one or more elements to the beginning of an array.

   <?php
   $fruits = array("Banana", "Cherry");
   array_unshift($fruits, "Apple", "Date");
   print_r($fruits);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => Apple [1] => Date [2] => Banana [3] => Cherry )
   ?>
   

5. array_merge(): Merges one or more arrays into one.

   <?php
   $array1 = array("a", "b", "c");
   $array2 = array("d", "e", "f");
   $merged = array_merge($array1, $array2);
   print_r($merged);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d [4] => e [5] => f )
   ?>
   

6. array_slice(): Extracts a portion of an array.

   <?php
   $array = array("a", "b", "c", "d", "e");
   $slice = array_slice($array, 2, 2);
   print_r($slice);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => c [1] => d )
   ?>
   

7. array_search(): Searches for a value in an array and returns the corresponding key if found.

   <?php
   $array = array("a" => "Apple", "b" => "Banana");
   $key = array_search("Banana", $array);
   echo $key;  // Outputs: b
   ?>
   

8. array_keys(): Returns all the keys of an array.

   <?php
   $array = array("a" => "Apple", "b" => "Banana");
   $keys = array_keys($array);
   print_r($keys);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => a [1] => b )
   ?>
   

9. array_values(): Returns all the values of an array.

   <?php
   $array = array("a" => "Apple", "b" => "Banana");
   $values = array_values($array);
   print_r($values);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => Apple [1] => Banana )
   ?>
   

10. sort(): Sorts an array in ascending order.

    <?php
    $array = array(3, 1, 4, 1, 5);
    sort($array);
    print_r($array);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 1 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [4] => 5 )
    ?>
    

11. rsort(): Sorts an array in descending order.

    <?php
    $array = array(3, 1, 4, 1, 5);
    rsort($array);
    print_r($array);  // Outputs: Array ( [0] => 5 [1] => 4 [2] => 3 [3] => 1 [4] => 1 )
    ?>
    

Array Iteration

1. foreach Loop

   Iterates over each element in an array.

   Example:

   <?php
   $fruits = array("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry");
   foreach ($fruits as $fruit) {
       echo $fruit . "<br>";
   }
   ?>
   

   Associative Array Example:

   <?php
   $person = array("first_name" => "John", "last_name" => "Doe", "age" => 30);
   foreach ($person as $key => $value) {
       echo "$key: $value<br>";
   }
   ?>